Thursday, June 7, 2007

the essay

ok...this is supposed to be the epitome of what we have learnt in the course so far. mine was on the legume, I mean the pod - ipod. Here it goes...

Ipod. Youwhat?

Since its launch at the turn of the millennium, Apple’s Ipod has made considerable leaps in popularity, with recent press reports praising the sale of its 100 millionth ipod in just 5 years (SMH Tech Lift out April 10, 2007). This text will consider the ipod’s function in its users’ lives, and the changes it brought to them, if any. Through analysing various discourses of different theorists, I will conversely argue that the Ipod is a not a new media device, but merely a gizmo with so much hype surrounding it that it now sits on a sensationalism pedestal. This paper will also explore Apple’s strategic marketing of the said device as a supposedly ‘new medium’ and how it relates to cultural commodity fetishism and pseudo-individuality in our post-modern society.

The cliché that form follows function stems from the modernism era, whose grand narrative was that everything had a rationale, a name, and thus could be easily pigeon-holed (Isakhan, 2006). Although the ipod is a very post-modern device, the former cliché applies to it: a conveniently pocket-sized item, slimmer than a lot of mobile phones. Its ultimate function is to store information and make it accessible to its user at any given time, at home or on the move. Lyotard said that “communication technology, information and power go hand in hand” (in Isakhan, 2006). In fact the ipod does allow its user convenience and flexibility of use over the information it stores, be it music, video, photos, organisational data (notes and reminder), and games. The palm/hand held pc (pda) does all that, hence it is not accurate to tag the ipod as a new media device. The latter’s so widespread because it has been mass produced as a super-brand, using the familiarity of other hegemonies (see Annex 1). The initial ad Apple used to market the ipod: U2 appeals to different generations of a same family, and the colours remind of Andy Warhol. This contributed to turn the ipod into a the must-have device for tech savy people, or just a cool fashion accessory that still had a bit of novelty to it back then. I, for one, don’t find long journeys aboard public transport as burdensome as they used – I’ve an ipod and as Leichman (2006) points out, the earphones around my neck are my do-not-disturb sign. It is my escapism, but this doesn’t necessarily mean I disconnect myself from my surrounding. The ‘I’ implies selfishness. This escapism can be linked to Baudrillard’s Simulacra (Stockwell, 2007: week 8). It is quite a common sight in public spaces seeing people walk around like they’ve just come off the Warholesque ad campaign for Ipod. PBS Senior Correspondent Jeffrey Brown expresses the same school of thought in his interview. He advances that having earphones plugging our ears puts us in a “bubble” (originally aired on pbs.org 15/5-2006).

Nowadays, competing brands like Microsoft have released similar devices to the ipod but few have enjoyed as much endorsement from artists themselves (See Annex 2 & 3). Besides their obvious entertainment value, ipods have also been used in the educational sector. They are used as study aids in quite a few North American universities, downloading lectures as video podcasts, and/or voice recording them if the students bother attending them (Tyre in Newsweek Nov 28/2005). This can be rebutted as being commercially-driven product placement, however, that’s the way the education industry goes these days. Along the same lines, Griffith University is supplied in hardware by Dell and HP. Journalist Noah Blundo, goes one step further, likening that very concept to ‘communism or even worse’ (The Post Online 6/04-06). But I find his article just short of a killjoy’s rant rather than illustrating a scholar who reads Marx.

Let’s look at Gramsci rather, because his theory of hegemony, which is basically that one specific social group hold power and exerts dominance over another (cited in Barr, 2000: p. 17). According to Gramsci, “[…] media are tools that ruling elites use to perpetuate their power, wealth and status [by popularising] their own philosophy” (Barr, 2000: p. 17). Now, paralleling this to communism, is far fetched. Blundo is of the idea that it becomes problematic when institutions which are supposed to mould tomorrow’s elitism are advocating notions that such and such band rocks.

This point-of-view draws a bit closer to communism in the sense that the student population are being policed into what they should deem is cool and what is not. Again, this brings us back to Gramsci’s aforementioned theory.

The same theorist also has a discourse that even within hegemony, struggles does happen.

“culture, society, and politics as terrains of contestation between various groups”

(Kellner, 1995: p. 101).

This has already begun when iTunes, the 99cent/song online reliable store, made its appearance. The songs’ dirt cheap legit prices not to be outdone, iTunes then had popular tv shows available for download at similar rates. It goes without saying that consumers were delighted at that this novelty, because as Flew puts it,

“it changes the means of distribution and storage, and in the associated business models, of these media” (2005: p. 2).

Having the most loved soapies available for viewing at one’s discretion brightened the lives of more than one couch potato, who might as well be bus/train potatoes with the mobility that comes with ipod.

Benjamin, from the Frankfurt School, suggested that if specific media optics are used, they would steer and mystify the audiences into adhering to certain (political) ideologies (Isakhan, 2006). The ipod is cool. UN Ambassador and U2 frontman uses it, it has to be cool. While keeping an element of newness to it, the ipod is not a novelty item. It is a multi-media device. The only element of newness that I can find to it is that it connects to a computer, and it also connects to the human psyche in some respects.

Ends


Bibliography:

Isakhan, Benjamin (2006) 2404ART Culture, Media and Society Lecture week 12, semester 1, School of ARTS, Griffith University

Stockwell, Stephen (2007) 1501ART New Communication Technologies Lecture week 7, semester 1, School of ARTS, Griffith University

Flew, Terry (2005), ‘New Media: An Introduction’ 2nd ed Oxford University Press, Melbourne

Barr, Trevor (2000), ‘newmedia.com.au’, Allen & Unwin, Sydney

Kellner, D. (1995) Chapter 3: For a cultural studies that is critical, multicultural, and multiperspectival. In Media Culture. London: Routledge.

Web References:-

Sydney Morning Herald Tech Lift out 10/04/2007

<http://www.smh.com.au/news/digital-music/apple-serves-up-100-millionth-ipod/2007/04/10/1175971055932.html>, last accessed 11/05/2007

Brown, Jeffrey 2006, ‘Apple's IPod a Technological, Cultural Phenomenon’,

, last accessed 11/05/2007

John, W 2004, ‘The World at Ears' Length’,

<http://www.ministryofsluggo.com/ipod.html>, last accessed 11/05/2007

Leichman, A 2006, ‘iPod means tuning out of the world around you’,

<http://www.cnet.com.au/mp3players/0,39028967,40061024,00.htm>, last accessed 11/05/2007

Tyre, Peg 2005 Newsweek 28/11

<http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10117475/site/newsweek/>, last accessed 11/05/2007

Blundo, Noah 2006, The Post Online 6/04/2006

, last accessed 11/05/2007

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